{"id":21593,"date":"2022-09-05T14:51:57","date_gmt":"2022-09-05T07:51:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tanhuuqui.com\/?p=21593"},"modified":"2022-09-05T14:51:57","modified_gmt":"2022-09-05T07:51:57","slug":"tiem-nang-dam-don-ba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tanhuuqui.com\/en\/tiem-nang-dam-don-ba\/","title":{"rendered":"Ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ea1m \u0110\u01a1n B\u00e0o"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng protein \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n.<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e1nh b\u1eaft th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n ngo\u00e0i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p protein \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. H\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1990 \u1edf m\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng 90 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n, do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0nh nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u01a1n k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 (Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 1). Nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh protein \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c \u1edf m\u1ee9c x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 7% t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m trong 2 th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua, so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng 4% c\u1ee7a gia c\u1ea7m. Th\u1ee9c \u0103n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed l\u1edbn trong ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n protein l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n – \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i protein – \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng trong nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n. Nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ee9c \u0103n (FCR) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p t\u1eeb 1,1 – 1,6, so v\u1edbi 1,4 – 1,8 tr\u00ean gia c\u1ea7m, 2,6 – 4,4 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi heo v\u00e0 3,5 – 9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00f2. Do \u0111\u00f3, nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p protein \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt mang t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1m \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o (SCP) \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 1.<\/strong>\u00a0T\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng protein \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1990 \u2013 2025<\/em><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9t c\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o th\u1ee9c \u0103n th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n (Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 2), s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t b\u1ed9t c\u00e1 v\u1eabn x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh t\u1eeb 0,4 – 1,32 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi th\u1ee9c \u0103n th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Acid phytic (d\u1ea1ng d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Phospho trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t, ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eadu v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t d\u1ea7u), nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u00edt, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 2.<\/strong>\u00a0\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t b\u1ed9t c\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2050<\/em><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n protein ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngu\u1ed3n cung v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ea1m \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u00f4ng qua v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y – \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c (Jones v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2020<\/em>. Recent advances in single cell protein use as a feed ingredient in aquaculture. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, S\u1ed1 61, Th\u00e1ng 2\/2020, Trang 189 – 197) \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea1m \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ee9c \u0103n trong nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1m \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ea1m \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n vi sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi t\u1ea3o, n\u1ea5m men, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n (B\u1ea3ng 1<\/strong>). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111ang t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn, cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea3ng 1.<\/strong>\u00a0Ngu\u1ed3n protein \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o. C1: m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed carbon nh\u01b0 methane, carbon dioxide v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c. EAA: acid amin thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
NGU\u1ed2N SCP<\/strong><\/td>\nH\u00c0M L\u01af\u1ee2NG PROTEIN (%)<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0110\u1eb6C \u0110I\u1ec2M<\/strong><\/td>\nLO\u00c0I<\/strong><\/td>\nNH\u01af\u1ee2C \u0110I\u1ec2M<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vi khu\u1ea9n<\/strong><\/td>\n50 – 80<\/td>\nH\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng protein cao<\/td>\nMethylococcus capsulatus<\/em><\/td>\nT\u00ednh ngon mi\u1ec7ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vi khu\u1ea9n<\/strong><\/td>\n50 – 80<\/td>\nT\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n C1<\/td>\nCupravidus nectar<\/em><\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vi t\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/td>\n60 – 70<\/td>\nQuang h\u1ee3p<\/td>\nChlorella vulgaris<\/em><\/td>\nKh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vi t\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/td>\n60 – 70<\/td>\nS\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a acid b\u00e9o \u03c93<\/td>\nDesmodesmus\u00a0<\/em>sp.<\/td>\nPh\u00e1 v\u1ee1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/td>\n10 – 20<\/td>\nS\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a acid b\u00e9o \u03c93<\/td>\nSchizochytrium limacinum<\/em><\/td>\nC\u1ea7n th\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng protein<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N\u1ea5m men<\/strong><\/td>\n30 – 70<\/td>\n\u0110a d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n<\/td>\nSaccharomyce cerevisiae<\/em><\/td>\nC\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng protein v\u00e0 EAA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N\u1ea5m men<\/strong><\/td>\n30 – 70<\/td>\nS\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a vitamin v\u00e0 vi ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/td>\nCandida utilis<\/em><\/td>\nC\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng EAA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m cho \u0103n \u0110\u1ea1m \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi, c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m cho \u0103n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, bao g\u1ed3m t\u00f4m th\u1ebb ch\u00e2n tr\u1eafng Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng (Litopenaeus vannamei<\/em>), c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng (Salmo salar<\/em>) v\u00e0 c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i c\u1ea7u v\u1ed3ng (Oncorhynchus mykiss<\/em>). Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ee9c \u0103n khi b\u1ed9t c\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ea1m \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o<\/strong>, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea1m \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o l\u00e0m t\u1eeb Vi t\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ea1m \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb vi t\u1ea3o\u00a0Nanofrustulum<\/em>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0Tetraselmis<\/em>\u00a0th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i. Trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u,\u00a0Desmodesmus<\/em>\u00a0sp. c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o t\u1ed1i \u0111a 20% th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c \u0103n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ecbt, v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c, b\u1ed9t t\u1ea3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho \u0103n \u1edf m\u1ee9c 10% m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i c\u1ea7u v\u1ed3ng, cho \u0103n t\u1ea3o\u00a0Spirulina<\/em>\u00a0\u1edf m\u1ee9c 10% kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c,\u00a0Scenedesmus almeriensis<\/em>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf t\u1edbi 40% b\u1ed9t c\u00e1 trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean t\u00f4m\u00a0L. vannamei<\/em>\u00a0\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3o xo\u1eafn (Arthrospira platensis<\/em>)\u00a0Nannochloropsis ocultata<\/em>\u00a0v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t c\u00e1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng\u00a0Nannochloropsis ocultata<\/em>\u00a0l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay th\u1ebf b\u1ed9t c\u00e1 k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng (kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c cho \u0103n t\u1ea3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00ec th\u00e0nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, bao g\u1ed3m enzyme (cellulase), h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t (dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c acid), v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc (nghi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao ho\u1eb7c k\u00eanh d\u1eabn vi l\u01b0u). Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng enzyme v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t Microfluidizer (c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i khi cho \u0103n\u00a0Chlorella Vulgaris<\/em>, cho th\u1ea5y ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 protein b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n so v\u1edbi b\u1ed5 sung EAA, ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o v\u00e0 carbohydrate. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a tinh b\u1ed9t cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1m \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb N\u1ea5m men v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m kh\u00e1c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1 h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 t\u00f4m l\u00e0 2 lo\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m cho \u0103n n\u1ea5m men g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1eefa \u0103n n\u1ea5m men kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, bao g\u1ed3m t\u1eeb Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida producis v\u00e0 K. marxianus. S. cerevisiae \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 gi\u00e0u protein, trong khi C. producis v\u00e0 K. marxianus c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf t\u1edbi 40% b\u1ed9t c\u00e1 <\/strong>trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u li\u1ec7u C. producis c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ru\u1ed9t do b\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh hay kh\u00f4ng<\/strong>, m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n \u0103n th\u1ecbt, nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho \u0103n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n g\u1ed3m 40% b\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh v\u00e0 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 20% C. producis (thay th\u1ebf gluten l\u00faa m\u00ec v\u00e0 tinh b\u1ed9t), c\u00e1 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u vi\u00eam ru\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1m \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o l\u00e0m t\u1eeb vi khu\u1ea9n<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i Methanotroph – based kh\u00e1c nhau (Methanotrophs l\u00e0 Prokaryote – sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0ng nh\u00e2n li\u00ean k\u1ebft, ty th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 m\u00e0ng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c – chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a kh\u00ed methane th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n carbon v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i cho \u0103n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a t\u1edbi 36% b\u1ed9t protein vi khu\u1ea9n (BPM) cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m. Trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho r\u1eb1ng\u00a0M. capsulatus<\/em>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung t\u1edbi 52% protein trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 38% trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a\u00a0M. capsulatus<\/em>\u00a0v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n thay th\u1ebf b\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9ng vi\u00eam ru\u1ed9t do b\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh tr\u00ean c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i. M\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i t\u1eeb\u00a0Methylobacterium extorquens<\/em>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf 55% b\u1ed9t c\u00e1 trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 khi t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf t\u1edbi 10% b\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ea1m \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng khi b\u1ed9t c\u00e1 v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u c\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4m, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n khi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c 10% kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 quan v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1m \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o trong ng\u00e0nh nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n protein ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y l\u1ee3i \u00edch s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe khi b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh cho ng\u00e0nh nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n cung \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n protein cao m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t c\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebfu EAAs so v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ng dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u01b0 Acid phytic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n protein d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1m \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c \u0103n t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp cho s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u b\u1ed9t c\u00e1 trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n. T\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n, \u0110\u1ea1m \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho \u0103n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 quan ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 t\u00f4m. Nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a \u0110\u1ea1m \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

T\u00e2n H\u1eefu Qu\u00ed – Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea1m \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n